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Before gemologists had dissected this lustrous brown gemstone, it was known as smoky topaz. Once they dug into the chemical composition of this stone, they realized it wasn’t what it appeared to be-it was actually quartz. Topaz is a fluorine aluminum silicate where as quartz is a silicon dioxide. However, people were familiar with the [...]

All opals are made of silicon dioxide and water. The amount of water varies and determines the fragility of the individual stone. This gemstone is formed when silicon dioxide becomes wet and turns to a gel. This gel substance then works its way into the open spaces between rocks and caves. As it sets, an [...]